Economic and behavioural policy levers for reducing transport GHG emission. NZ Transport Agency report.

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Avoid costly delays in decision-making. For deep uncertainty, plan ahead, start small, and keep monitoring. Climate is beginning to exacerbate extreme “one-in-100-year” events. Our knowledge of the likelihood of these large-impact events happening in shorter intervals is limited. Adaptive Decision-Making can help to minimise the cost (from delays) to the economy through increasing flexibility at the planning phase. Our earlier work estimated the annual cost of delay to be equal to 18 per cent of the capital cost of projects.